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激光粉末床熔融(LPBF)技术因具有高设计自由度与近净成形能力，成为制造复杂结构316L奥氏体不锈钢部件的有效手段.但该技术特有的超快熔凝动力学过程导致材料微观组织呈现显著异质性，易诱发Cr/Mo胞界偏析及残余应力集中，显著降低钝化膜稳定性，提高点蚀萌生敏感性和应力腐蚀开裂风险.因此，利用优化成形工艺同步实现力学和抗腐蚀性能的提升，建立加工工艺-显微组织-抗腐蚀性能关系，对于大批量生产高性能LPBF-316L不锈钢部件至关重要.然而，当前关于LPBF过程中的合金凝固及再结晶等对316L不锈钢抗腐蚀性能的影响机制研究仍不足.本文全面综述了粉末原料与制备策略对LPBF-316L不锈钢中气孔、未熔合区等固有缺陷，微观组织演变和抗腐蚀性能的影响，分析了孔隙率、胞状结构、残余拉应力三类关键腐蚀诱因，提出了多尺度工艺参数协同调控、后处理技术及原料改性等策略，并对跨尺度腐蚀技术以及工程化应用适配性研究等未来发展方向进行了展望.
Abstract：Laser Powder Bed Fusion(LPBF) technology, due to its high design freedom and near-net-shape forming capability, has become an effective means for manufacturing complex 316L austenitic stainless steel components. However, the unique ultra-fast melting and solidification kinetics process of this technology leads to significant heterogeneity in the material's microstructure, easily inducing Cr/Mo element segregation at cell boundaries and residual stress concentration, which significantly reduces the stability of the passive film and increases the susceptibility to pitting initiation and the risk of stress corrosion cracking. Therefore, adjusting and optimizing the forming process to simultaneously improve mechanical and corrosion-resistance properties and establishing the relationship between processing technology, microstructure, and corrosion performance are crucial for the mass production of repeatable and high-performance LPBF-316L stainless steel components. Nevertheless, current research on the influence mechanisms of alloy solidification and recrystallization during the LPBF process on the corrosion resistance of 316L stainless steel remains insufficient. This review comprehensively elaborates on the influence of powder raw materials and preparation strategies on inherent defects such as porosity and unfused zones, microstructure evolution, and corrosion resistance in LPBF-316L. It analyzes three key corrosion inducers: porosity, cellular structure, and residual tensile stress, and proposes solutions including multi-scale process parameter collaborative regulation, post-processing techniques, and raw material modification. Finally, future research directions are outlined, including cross-scale corrosion mechanism studies and engineering applicability investigations.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.14186/j.cnki.1671-6620.2026.01.001
中图分类号:TG142.71;TG665;TG172
引用信息:
[1]张银玲,安钰坤,宗然,等.激光粉末床熔融制备316L不锈钢及其抗腐蚀性能研究进展[J].材料与冶金学报,2026,25(01):1-11+69.DOI:10.14186/j.cnki.1671-6620.2026.01.001.
基金信息:
中国博士后科学基金项目(2024M750777); 山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2022QE259)
2026-01-15
2026-01-15
2026-01-15