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超声冲击处理技术(ultrasonic impact treatment，UIT)是一种重要的表面机械强化方法，可通过高频振动冲击在材料表层引入剧烈塑性变形，形成梯度组织、残余压应力场并改善表面形貌，从而提高构件的疲劳、耐磨及耐蚀性能。本文系统综述了超声冲击处理技术的研究进展，主要包括强化理论与作用机理、工艺参数优化与调控、服役性能影响以及数值模拟与理论预测四个方面。重点归纳了UIT作用下表层梯度组织演化和残余应力分布规律，分析了冲击强度、冲击次数、工具几何参数及多工艺协同对强化效果的影响，总结了UIT在改善疲劳寿命、摩擦磨损性能和耐腐蚀性能方面的研究现状，并评述了有限元分析和多尺度耦合模型在工艺-组织-性能关系预测中的应用进展。在此基础上，指出当前研究在参数耦合机制、多工艺协同强化机理及不同材料体系工艺准则构建等方面仍存在不足。未来需进一步结合原位表征、多尺度模拟与数据驱动方法，揭示冲击强化的本构响应与组织演化机制，建立面向不同材料体系的普适性工艺设计准则，以推动该技术的理论发展与工程应用。
Abstract：Ultrasonic impact treatment (UIT) is an important surface mechanical strengthening method that induces severe plastic deformation in the near-surface layer through high-frequency vibratory impacts， thereby generating gradient microstructures， introducing compressive residual stress fields， and improving surface morphology， ultimately enhancing the fatigue， wear， and corrosion resistance of components. This paper systematically reviews the research progress in UIT-based surface strengthening technology from four aspects: strengthening theory and mechanisms， process parameter optimization and control， effects on service performance， and numerical simulation and theoretical prediction. Particular emphasis is placed on summarizing the evolution of near-surface gradient microstructures and the distribution of residual stresses under UIT， analyzing the effects of impact intensity， number of impacts， tool geometric parameters， and multi-process synergy on strengthening performance， reviewing the current research status of UIT in improving fatigue life， tribological behavior， and corrosion resistance， and evaluating the application progress of finite element analysis and multiscale coupled models in predicting the process-microstructure-property relationship. On this basis， the paper points out that current studies still exhibit deficiencies in understanding parameter coupling mechanisms， synergistic strengthening mechanisms of combined processes， and the establishment of process criteria for different material systems. Future research should further integrate in situ characterization， multiscale simulation， and data-driven methods to reveal the constitutive response and microstructural evolution mechanisms associated with ultrasonic impact strengthening， and to establish universal process design criteria for different material systems， thereby promoting the theoretical development and engineering application of this technology.
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基本信息:
中图分类号:TG663
引用信息:
[1]顾邦平,侯硕,刘飞龙,等.超声冲击处理表面强化技术的研究进展[J].材料与冶金学报().
基金信息:
浙江省自然科学基金，LMS26E050004; 重庆大学高端装备机械传动全国重点实验室2025年度开放课题(SKLMT-MSKFKT-202518); 国家自然科学基金(52105466)
2026-08-12
2026-08-12
2026-08-12